As I was perusing the Vibrant Life homepage from The Linus Pauling Institute, I came across their Nutrient Interactions section for Phosphorus and found this really cool study that has been reviewed by James P. Knochel, M.D. from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School-Department of Internal Medicine.
Check it out...
"A recent study of 11 adult men found that a diet high in fructose (20% of total calories) resulted in increased urinary loss of phosphorus and a negative phosphorus balance (i.e., daily loss of phosphorus was higher than daily intake). This effect was more pronounced if the diet was also low in magnesium. A potential mechanism for this effect is the lack of feed back inhibition of the conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate in the liver. In other words, increased accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in the cell does not inhibit the enzyme that phosphorylates fructose, using up large amounts of phosphate. This phenomenon is known as "phosphate trapping". This finding is relevant because fructose consumption in the U.S. has been increasing rapidly since the introduction of high fructose corn syrup in 1970, while magnesium intake has decreased over the past century".
http://www.oralchelation.com/ingred/phosphorus.htm
Sunday, November 21, 2010
How long does Phosphorus stay in the body?
Ever wonder how long it takes for a vitamin or mineral to metabolize in your body? Here's the summary from Hahn et.al's The Circulation of Phosphorus in Body Revealed By Application of Radioactive Phosphorus as Indicator:
The distribution of radioactive phosphorus administered to a rabbit was
investigated. It was found that within 27 days 45 % of the phosphorus given
was excreted through the kidneys and 11 5 % through the bowels. The average
time a phosphorus atom spends in the body was found to be 30 days. The ratio
between active and normal phosphorus was found to be highest in the kidney,
in the muscles and in the liver, and lowest in the bones, especially in the diaphysis.
It is probable that in the course of 27 days an equipartition of the active
phosphorus between the muscles and the blood takes place while about 9/10 of the
bone phosphate is protected against the influx of the active phosphorus. It could,
however, be shown by following up the ratio of the active phosphorus to normal
phosphorus in the urine that an exchange of the phosphorus atoms present in
the bones and in the blood, and thus an atomic rejuvenation of the bones to a
further extent, is still going on after the lapse of 21 days. Since the active phosphorus shows the same chemical behavior as normal phosphorus, the conclusions
arrived at apply to all the phosphorus taken up with the food.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1267135/pdf/biochemj01044-0021.pdf
The distribution of radioactive phosphorus administered to a rabbit was
investigated. It was found that within 27 days 45 % of the phosphorus given
was excreted through the kidneys and 11 5 % through the bowels. The average
time a phosphorus atom spends in the body was found to be 30 days. The ratio
between active and normal phosphorus was found to be highest in the kidney,
in the muscles and in the liver, and lowest in the bones, especially in the diaphysis.
It is probable that in the course of 27 days an equipartition of the active
phosphorus between the muscles and the blood takes place while about 9/10 of the
bone phosphate is protected against the influx of the active phosphorus. It could,
however, be shown by following up the ratio of the active phosphorus to normal
phosphorus in the urine that an exchange of the phosphorus atoms present in
the bones and in the blood, and thus an atomic rejuvenation of the bones to a
further extent, is still going on after the lapse of 21 days. Since the active phosphorus shows the same chemical behavior as normal phosphorus, the conclusions
arrived at apply to all the phosphorus taken up with the food.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1267135/pdf/biochemj01044-0021.pdf
Phosphorus and Muscle Metabolism
According to Dr. Greg Obikoya, phosphorus is the body's source of phosphate, which helps create and manage energy, synthesize protein, fat and carbohydrates, contract muscles, and maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Not only is it essential for stimulating hormone production and helping the body utilize the B vitamins, it also combines with calcium to help form the latticework for strong bones and teeth. While over 80% of the body's phosphorus is located in bone, a proper balance of magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus should be maintained at all times.
Phosphorus also allows proper digestion of riboflavin and niacin, aids in transmission of nerve impulses, helps your kidneys excrete wastes effectively, provides stable and plentiful energy, forms the proteins that aid in reproduction, and may help block cancer. Researchers say it's the first time the two elements have been shown to be co-dependent for bone health.
In agreement with a previous post of mine, Dr. Obikoya states that, "A diet consisting of junk food can have too much phosphorus and this effects the body's processing of calcium". Researchers say that vitamin D boosts the effectiveness of phosphorus and that magnesium helps in phosphorus absorption. Dr. Obikoya also mentions that phosphorus can speed up healing, help to prevent and treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases such as rickets and stunted or slow growth in children.
As far as our digestion is concerned, phosphorus (as phosphate) is more efficiently absorbed in the small intestine than most other minerals. Dr. Obikoya says that "Between 50% and 90% is absorbed depending on the need". This is much higher absorption percentage than for either calcium or magnesium and further reduces the likelihood of phosphorus deficiency under normal conditions.
So how is this all possible? well, the kidneys easily control the blood phosphorus level and efficiently excrete any excess phosphorus. Therefore, under normal circumstances, phosphorus toxicity is highly unlikely (but remember, not impossible).
http://www.vitamins-nutrition.org/vitamins/phosphorus.html
Phosphorus also allows proper digestion of riboflavin and niacin, aids in transmission of nerve impulses, helps your kidneys excrete wastes effectively, provides stable and plentiful energy, forms the proteins that aid in reproduction, and may help block cancer. Researchers say it's the first time the two elements have been shown to be co-dependent for bone health.
In agreement with a previous post of mine, Dr. Obikoya states that, "A diet consisting of junk food can have too much phosphorus and this effects the body's processing of calcium". Researchers say that vitamin D boosts the effectiveness of phosphorus and that magnesium helps in phosphorus absorption. Dr. Obikoya also mentions that phosphorus can speed up healing, help to prevent and treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases such as rickets and stunted or slow growth in children.
As far as our digestion is concerned, phosphorus (as phosphate) is more efficiently absorbed in the small intestine than most other minerals. Dr. Obikoya says that "Between 50% and 90% is absorbed depending on the need". This is much higher absorption percentage than for either calcium or magnesium and further reduces the likelihood of phosphorus deficiency under normal conditions.
So how is this all possible? well, the kidneys easily control the blood phosphorus level and efficiently excrete any excess phosphorus. Therefore, under normal circumstances, phosphorus toxicity is highly unlikely (but remember, not impossible).
http://www.vitamins-nutrition.org/vitamins/phosphorus.html
Calcium and Phosphorus are like Batman and Robin--you need them both!
Since calcium is necessary for muscle contraction, I decided to search for the importance of phosphorus to calcium absorption/metabolism. I came across this excerpt on the HubPages and found it very interesting:
Calcium and Phosphorus and why the human body needs them
by: Susan Zheng
Phosphorus is of paramount importance in the development of skeletal tissues which are the store of 85% of the total body phosphorus. In the bone, phosphorus exists as compound, calcium phosphate and the crystal, hydroxyapatite which are involved with the bone formation process. Other phosphorus is in intracellular and extracellular fluid. In cells, phosphorus is of vital importance in intermediary metabolism of the energy nutrients, contributing to the metabolic potential in the form of high -energy phosphate bonds, and through phosphorylation of substrates.
Phosphorus is also an important component of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, which are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information. Combined with lipids, phosphorus is an important structural component of cell membranes. Phosphorus also functions in maintaining acid-base balance by acting as one of the body's important buffers.
From the above discussion, it's very obvious why human body needs Ca++ and P. If one of them or both is insufficient for normal molecular and biological processes taking place in our body, our health will be jeopardized. For example, insufficient blood Ca++ leads to tetany, a symptom manifested by intermittent muscle contractions, muscle pain, muscle spasm. Deficient in calcium in adult can cause osteoporosis - loss of bone mass. Although P deficiency is rare, due to some special occasion, P deficiency may develop, which may lead to myopathy, weakness, and cardiomyopathy. Certainly, if anyone of them is in excess of body need, it is not good either, because all the nutrients in the body work together cooperatively to maintain normal body functions. Both calcium and phosphorus have to be in the right amount and proper relation to each other to maintain normal health.
Calcium and Phosphorus and why the human body needs them
by: Susan Zheng
Phosphorus is of paramount importance in the development of skeletal tissues which are the store of 85% of the total body phosphorus. In the bone, phosphorus exists as compound, calcium phosphate and the crystal, hydroxyapatite which are involved with the bone formation process. Other phosphorus is in intracellular and extracellular fluid. In cells, phosphorus is of vital importance in intermediary metabolism of the energy nutrients, contributing to the metabolic potential in the form of high -energy phosphate bonds, and through phosphorylation of substrates.
Phosphorus is also an important component of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, which are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information. Combined with lipids, phosphorus is an important structural component of cell membranes. Phosphorus also functions in maintaining acid-base balance by acting as one of the body's important buffers.
From the above discussion, it's very obvious why human body needs Ca++ and P. If one of them or both is insufficient for normal molecular and biological processes taking place in our body, our health will be jeopardized. For example, insufficient blood Ca++ leads to tetany, a symptom manifested by intermittent muscle contractions, muscle pain, muscle spasm. Deficient in calcium in adult can cause osteoporosis - loss of bone mass. Although P deficiency is rare, due to some special occasion, P deficiency may develop, which may lead to myopathy, weakness, and cardiomyopathy. Certainly, if anyone of them is in excess of body need, it is not good either, because all the nutrients in the body work together cooperatively to maintain normal body functions. Both calcium and phosphorus have to be in the right amount and proper relation to each other to maintain normal health.
Thursday, November 4, 2010
What does Vitamin D have to do with Phosphorus Metabolism?
In asking myself "how is phosphorus metabolism affected by other vitamins and minerals?", I came across this older article in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Fujisawa et.al noted in the Role of Change in Vitamin D Metabolism with Age in Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Normal Human Subjects that age-related changes of vitamin D metabolism and its related hormones, immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) and calcitonin(CT) in normal human subjects are observed. While the objective was to assess their roles in the changes in metabolism of calcium and phosphorus with age, the data indicated that change in vitamin D metabolism might play some role in the age-related change of serum calcium and phosphorus levels in children and adults, but that calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the fetus might be regulated by some mechanisms other than vitamin D metabolism (Fujisawa et.al, 1984). So although an older article, it just goes to show that science has been interested in nutrition for quite some time now.
(http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/4/719?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=phosphorus&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT)
(http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/4/719?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=phosphorus&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT)
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
How Can Phosphorus Affect CKD Patients?
With regards to Renal and Urology News, Csaba P. Kovesdy, MD describes chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a slow, progressive loss of renal function and since about 90% of plasma phosphates are filtered in the glomerulus and 80%-97% of the filtered load is reabsorbed (mostly in the proximal tubule), gave the doc reason to believe that phosphorus may be a possible culprit. As mentioned in the article, the main regulators of proximal tubular reabsorption are the plasma phosphorus level and various hormones with phosphaturic properties, the main ones being parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23).
Frank hyperphosphatemia is a relatively rare occurrence in CKD, but higher levels of plasma phosphorus (even within the range regarded as “normal”) is associated with higher mortality and worsened progression of CKD. Lowering plasma phosphorus levels in CKD can be beneficial in treating SHPT, and could become an additional therapy to lower mortality and to alleviate progressive loss of kidney function.
http://www.renalandurologynews.com/how-phosphorus-affects-ckd-patients/article/58147/#
Frank hyperphosphatemia is a relatively rare occurrence in CKD, but higher levels of plasma phosphorus (even within the range regarded as “normal”) is associated with higher mortality and worsened progression of CKD. Lowering plasma phosphorus levels in CKD can be beneficial in treating SHPT, and could become an additional therapy to lower mortality and to alleviate progressive loss of kidney function.
http://www.renalandurologynews.com/how-phosphorus-affects-ckd-patients/article/58147/#
Are those with high levels of Phosphorus at risk? "Stay tuned for more Research..."
According to David Douglas of Reuters Health, Dr. Ramachandran S. Vasan with the Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts, and colleagues point out in their report in the Archives of Internal Medicine that higher levels of phosphorus are associated with increased heart-related deaths in patients with chronic kidney disease or prior heart disease.
During an average follow-up of more than 16 years, there were 524 cardiovascular disease events. After accounting for other heart risk factors and kidney function, a higher blood level of phosphorus was associated with an increased risk.
Compared to those with the lowest levels of phosphorus, those with the highest had a 55 percent greater risk of heart disease. While more research is necessary, Douglas mentions that "Dr. Robert N. Foley of the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minnesota notes that if the connection is indeed confirmed, potential treatments for lowering phosphorus levels already exist".
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSCOL57142320070525
During an average follow-up of more than 16 years, there were 524 cardiovascular disease events. After accounting for other heart risk factors and kidney function, a higher blood level of phosphorus was associated with an increased risk.
Compared to those with the lowest levels of phosphorus, those with the highest had a 55 percent greater risk of heart disease. While more research is necessary, Douglas mentions that "Dr. Robert N. Foley of the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minnesota notes that if the connection is indeed confirmed, potential treatments for lowering phosphorus levels already exist".
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSCOL57142320070525
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